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Yang Z M , Pertlik F , Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, Monatshefte , 1993 (1993) p.163-171, Huanghoite-(Ce), BaCe(CO3)2F, from Khibina, Kola peninsula, Russia:, Redetermination of the crystal structure with a discussion on space group symmetry, Locality: Khibina, Kola Peninsula, Russia
Physical Properties of Huanghoite-(Ce)
Cleavage:
{???} Indistinct, {0001} Distinct
Color:
Yellow green, Honey yellow.
Density:
4.51 - 4.67, Average = 4.59
Diaphaneity:
Translucent
Fracture:
Uneven - Flat surfaces (not cleavage) fractured in an uneven pattern.
Hardness:
4.7
Luster:
Greasy (Oily)
Optical Properties of Huanghoite-(Ce)
Gladstone-Dale:
CI meas= 0.011 (Superior) - where the CI = (1-KPDmeas/KC) CI calc= 0.062 (Fair) - where the CI = (1-KPDcalc/KC)
KPDcalc= 0.1413,KPDmeas= 0.149,KC= 0.1506 Ncalc = 1.68 - 1.73
Optical Data:
Uniaxial (-), e=1.603, w=1.765, bire=0.1620.
Calculated Properties of Huanghoite-(Ce)
Electron Density:
Bulk Density (Electron Density)=4.03 gm/cc note: Specific Gravity of Huanghoite-(Ce) =4.59 gm/cc.
Fermion Index:
Fermion Index = 0.05 Boson Index = 0.95
Photoelectric:
PEHuanghoite-(Ce) = 327.24 barns/electron U=PEHuanghoite-(Ce) x relectron=1,320.03 barns/cc.
Radioactivity:
GRapi = 31,539.17 (Gamma Ray American Petroleum Institute Units)
Concentration of Huanghoite-(Ce) per GRapi unit = 31.71 (PPM)
Huanghoite-(Ce) is Radioactive as defined in 49 CFR 173.403. Greater than 70 Bq / gram.
Estimated Radioactivity from Huanghoite-(Ce) - weak
Specimen Size Weight/Volume (Sphere) *
Calculated Activity Becquerels (Bq)
Calculated Activity Curies (Ci)
Estimated Activity GR(api)
Estimated Exposure (mRem**)/hr If Held in Hand For One Hour
1000 gm / 7.47 cm
753,634
2.04E-05
31,539.17
10.37
100 gm / 3.47 cm
75,363
2.04E-06
3,153.92
1.04
10 gm / 1.61 cm
7,536
2.04E-07
315.39
0.10
1 gm / 7.47 mm
754
2.04E-08
31.54
0.01
0.1 gm / 3.47 mm
75
2.04E-09
3.15
0.00
0.01 gm / 1.61 mm
8
2.04E-10
0.32
0.00
0.001 gm / 0.75 mm
1
2.04E-11
0.03
0.00
Weight of pure Huanghoite-(Ce) in grams (gm) and Calculated Diameter of a Sphere with a Density of 4.59 gm/cc.*
Goverment Estimate of Average Annual Exposure (
360 mRem)
** Note: 10 microsieverts/hr = 1 mRem/hr **
Max Permissable Adult Dose 50,000 mRem/yr (hands), 15,000 mRem/yr (eyes)
Lethal Dose LD(50) Exposure 400,000 to 500,000 mRem
Estimated Thorium Activity ( 1.68 % Th) From Sum REE Elements (33.64 % REE)