Hetaerolite Mineral Data

General Hetaerolite Information

Chemical Formula:

ZnMn+++2O4

Composition:

Molecular Weight = 239.26 gm

Manganese 45.92 % Mn 65.98 % Mn₂O₃

Zinc 27.33 % Zn 34.02 % ZnO

Oxygen 26.75 % O

______ ______

100.00 % 100.00 % = TOTAL OXIDE

Empirical Formula:

ZnMn³⁺₂O₄

Environment:

Secondary mineral associated with other manganese minerals, primarily in hydrothermal ore deposits.

IMA Status:

Valid Species (Pre-IMA) 1877

Locality:

Franklin, Sussex County, New Jersey, USA. Link to MinDat.org Location Data.

Name Origin:

From the Greek for "companian", for its occasional association with chalcophanite.

Name Pronunciation:

Hetaerolite + Pronunciation

Synonym:

ICSD 15305

PDF 24-1133

Hetaerolite Image

Images:

Hetaerolite Hodgkinsonite

Comments: Dark crystal of hetaerolite on hodgkinsonite.
Location: Sterling Hill, Ogdensburg, Sussex County, New Jersey, USA. Scale: Not Given.
© Lou Perloff / Photo Atlas of Minerals

Hetaerolite Crystallography

Axial Ratios:

a:c = 1:1.59407

Cell Dimensions:

a = 5.74, c = 9.15, Z = 4; V = 301.47 Den(Calc)= 5.27

Crystal System:

Tetragonal - Ditetragonal DipyramidalH-M Symbol (4/m 2/m 2/m) Space Group: I 4₁/amd

$Help on X Ray Diffraction:$ X Ray Diffraction:

By Intensity(I/I_o): 2.462(1), 2.707(0.9), 3.04(0.8),

Forms:

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Forms: ( 0 1 1)

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Crystal Structure:

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Nogues M , Poix P , Annales de Chimie , 1972 (1972) p.301-314, Effet Jahn-Teller cooperatif dans le systeme ZnMn2O4-Zn2SnO4, Locality: synthetic

Physical Properties of Hetaerolite

Cleavage:

{001} Indistinct, {112} Poor, {011} Poor

Color:

Black.

Density:

4.85 - 5.18, Average = 5.01

Diaphaneity:

Subtranslucent to opaque

Fracture:

Brittle - Uneven - Very brittle fracture producing uneven fragments.

Habit:

Botryoidal - "Grape-like" rounded forms (e.g.. malachite).

Habit:

Massive - Granular - Common texture observed in granite and other igneous rock.

Habit:

Stalactitic - Shaped like pendant columns as stalactites or stalagmites (e.g. calcite).

Hardness:

6 - Orthoclase

Luminescence:

Non-fluorescent.

Luster:

Sub Metallic

Magnetism:

Nonmagnetic

Streak:

brownish black

Optical Properties of Hetaerolite

Gladstone-Dale:

CI meas= 0.02 (Excellent) - where the CI = (1-KPDmeas/KC)
CI calc= 0.068 (Fair) - where the CI = (1-KPDcalc/KC)
KPDcalc= 0.2353,KPDmeas= 0.2473,KC= 0.2524
Ncalc = 2.22 - 2.33

Optical Data:

Uniaxial (-), e=2.14, w=2.34, bire=0.2000.

RL Anisotrophism:

Strong.

Reflectivity

**Standardized Intensity (100%) Reflection Spectra of Hetaerolite in Air**
λ	R₁	R₂	∑ R₁(λ)	∑ R₂(λ)
400 nm	19.30	25.80
420 nm	18.30	24.00
440 nm	17.30	22.20
460 nm	16.50	21.00
480 nm	15.80	20.10
500 nm	15.40	19.40
520 nm	15.00	18.90
540 nm	14.70	18.40
560 nm	14.50	18.10
580 nm	14.20	17.80
600 nm	14.00	17.60
620 nm	13.90	17.40
640 nm	13.70	17.20
660 nm	13.60	17.00
680 nm	13.50	16.90
700 nm	13.40	16.80

**Calculated Relative Intensity Colors of Hetaerolite in Air**
Relative Intensity	0%	70%	100%	140%	210%	280%	350%	420%	490%	560%	610%
R₁
R₂

Calculated Properties of Hetaerolite

Electron Density:

Bulk Density (Electron Density)=4.70 gm/cc
note: Specific Gravity of Hetaerolite =5.02 gm/cc.

Fermion Index:

Fermion Index = 0.01
Boson Index = 0.99

Photoelectric:

PE_Hetaerolite= 26.07 barns/electron
U=PE_Hetaerolite x rElectron Density= 122.41 barns/cc.

Radioactivity:

GRapi = 0 (Gamma Ray American Petroleum Institute Units)
Hetaerolite is Not Radioactive

Hetaerolite Classification

Dana Class:

07.02.07.02 (07)Multiple Oxides

(07.02)(A+ B++)2 X4 Spinel group

(07.02.07)Dana Group

07.02.07.01 Hausmannite MnMn2O4 I 4₁/amd 4/m 2/m 2/m

07.02.07.02 Hetaerolite ZnMn2O4 I 4₁/amd 4/m 2/m 2/m

07.02.07.03 Hydrohetaerolite Zn2Mn4O8•(H2O) I 4₁/amd 4/m 2/m 2/m

Strunz Class:

04.BB.10 04 - OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodate

04.B - Metal:Oxygen = 3:4 and similar

04.BB -With only medium-sized cations

04.BB.10 Hausmannite MnMn2O4 I 4₁/amd 4/m 2/m 2/m

04.BB.10 Iwakiite Mn(Fe,Mn)2O4 P 4₁/nnm 4/m 2/m 2/m

04.BB.10 Hydrohetaerolite Zn2Mn4O8•(H2O) I 4₁/amd 4/m 2/m 2/m

04.BB.10 Hetaerolite ZnMn2O4 I 4₁/amd 4/m 2/m 2/m

Other Hetaerolite Information

References:

NAME( AntBidBlaNic2) PHYS. PROP.(Enc. of Minerals,2nd ed.,1990) OPTIC PROP.(AntBidBlaNic3)

See Also:

Links to other databases for Hetaerolite :
1 - Am. Min. Crystal Structure Database
2 - Athena
3 - EUROmin Project
4 - Ecole des Mines de Paris
5 - Franklin Minerals(Dunn)
6 - Franklin Minerals(Palache)
7 - GeoScienceWorld
8 - Google Images
9 - Google Scholar
10 - Handbook of Mineralogy (MinSocAm)
11 - Handbook of Mineralogy (UofA)
12 - MinDAT
13 - Mineralienatlas (Deutsch)
14 - Online Mineral Museum
15 - QUT Mineral Atlas
16 - Ruff.Info
17 - WWW-MINCRYST

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Print or Cut-and-Paste your Hetaerolite Specimen Label here :

Hetaerolite

ZnMn+++2O4
Dana No: 07.02.07.02 Strunz No: 04.BB.10
Locality:

Notes: