General Graphite Information
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Chemical Formula: |
C |
Composition: |
Molecular Weight = 12.01 gm |
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Carbon 100.00 % C |
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______ |
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100.00 % |
Empirical Formula: |
C |
Environment: |
Metamorphosed limestones, organic-rich shales, and coal beds.. |
IMA Status: |
Valid Species (Pre-IMA) Prehistoric |
Locality: |
Ticonderoga, New York. Madagascar and Ceylon. Link to MinDat.org Location Data. |
Name Origin: |
From the Greek, graphein, "to write." |
Synonym: |
Black Lead |
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Plumbago |
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Graphite Image |
Images:
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Images:
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Graphite
Comments: Black, sub-hexagonal crystal of graphite in calcite.
Location: Lead Hill Mine, (near Ticonderoga), Essex Co., New York, USA.
Scale: Crystal size 1 mm.
© Paul M. Schumacher |
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Graphite Crystallography
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Axial Ratios: |
a:c = 1:2.73376 |
Cell Dimensions: |
a = 2.464, c = 6.736, Z = 4; V = 35.42 Den(Calc)= 2.25 |
Crystal System: |
Hexagonal - Dihexagonal DipyramidalH-M Symbol (6/m 2/m 2/m) Space Group: P 63/mmc |
X Ray Diffraction: |
By Intensity(I/Io): 3.35(1), 1.675(0.8), 1.541(0.6), |
Forms:
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Forms:
[ 0 1 0]
[ 0 0 1]
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Crystal Structure:
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Help on Above
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Kukesh J S , Pauling L , American Mineralogist , 35 (1950) p.125-125, The problem of the graphite structure
View Additional jPOWD Structure files for Graphite
[1]
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Physical Properties of Graphite
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Cleavage: |
[0001] Perfect |
Color: |
Iron black, Dark gray, Black, Steel gray. |
Density: |
2.09 - 2.23, Average = 2.16 |
Diaphaniety: |
Opaque |
Fracture: |
Sectile - Curved shavings or scrapings produced by a knife blade, (e.g. graphite). |
Habit: |
Earthy - Dull, clay-like texture with no visible crystalline affinities, (e.g. howlite). |
Habit: |
Foliated - Two dimensional platy forms. |
Habit: |
Tabular - Form dimensions are thin in one direction. |
Hardness: |
1.5-2 - Talc-Gypsum |
Luminescence: |
None. |
Luster: |
Sub Metallic |
Magnetism: |
Nonmagnetic |
Streak: |
black |
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Optical Properties of Graphite
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Optical Data: |
Uniaxial (-), w=1.93-2.07. |
RL Anisotrophism: |
Extreme. |
RL Pleochroism: |
Strong, red. |
Reflectivity |
Standardized Intensity (100%) Reflection Spectra of Graphite in Air
| λ |
R1 |
R2 |
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∑ R1(λ) |
∑ R2(λ) |
| 400 nm |
7.90 |
18.70 |

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| 420 nm |
7.80 |
18.80 |

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| 440 nm |
7.70 |
18.90 |

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| 460 nm |
7.60 |
19.20 |

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| 480 nm |
7.50 |
19.50 |

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| 500 nm |
7.50 |
19.80 |

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| 520 nm |
7.50 |
20.10 |

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| 540 nm |
7.40 |
20.50 |

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| 560 nm |
7.40 |
20.80 |

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| 580 nm |
7.40 |
21.30 |

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| 600 nm |
7.50 |
21.70 |

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| 620 nm |
7.50 |
22.20 |

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| 640 nm |
7.60 |
22.80 |

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| 660 nm |
7.60 |
23.40 |

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| 680 nm |
7.60 |
24.00 |

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| 700 nm |
7.60 |
24.60 |

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Calculated Relative Intensity Colors of Graphite in Air
Relative Intensity |
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1000% |
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Calculated Properties of Graphite
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Electron Density: |
relectron=2.25 gm/cc note: rGraphite =2.25 gm/cc. |
Fermion Index |
Fermion Index = 0.011 Boson Index = 0.989 |
Photoelectric: |
PEGraphite = 0.16 barns/electron U=PEGraphite x relectron= 0.36 barns/cc. |
Radioactivity: |
GRapi = 0 (Gamma Ray American Petroleum Institute Units) Graphite is Not Radioactive |
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Graphite Classification
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Dana Class: |
1.3.6.2 (1)Native Elements |
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(1.3)with semi-metallic and non-metallic elements |
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(1.3.6)Carbon Polymorph group |
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1.3.6.1 Diamond C F d3m 4/m 3 2/m |
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1.3.6.2 Graphite C P 63/mmc 6/m 2/m 2/m |
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1.3.6.3 Lonsdaleite C P 63/mmc 6/m 2/m 2/m |
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1.3.6.4 Chaoite C P 6/mmm 6/m 2/m 2/m |
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1.3.6.5 Fullerite! C60 pseudo-CUBIC 4/m 2/m 2/m |
Strunz Class: |
I/B.02-10 I - Elements |
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I/B - Semimetals and nonmetals |
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I/B.02 - Carbon series, Graphite - Lonsdaleite |
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I/B.02-10 Graphite C P 63/mmc 6/m 2/m 2/m |
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I/B.02-20 Chaoite C P 6/mmm 6/m 2/m 2/m |
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I/B.02-30 Moissanite SiC P 63mc 6mm |
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I/B.02-40 Diamond C F d3m 4/m 3 2/m |
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I/B.02-50 Lonsdaleite C P 63/mmc 6/m 2/m 2/m |
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Other Graphite Information
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References: |
NAME( Sinkankas66) PHYS. PROP.(Enc. of Minerals,2nd ed.,1990) OPTIC PROP.(AntBidBlaNic1) |
See Also: |
Links to other databases for Graphite :
1 - Alkali-Nuts(English)
2 - Alkali-Nuts(Francais)
3 -Am. Min. Crystal Structure Database
4 - Amethyst Galleries' Mineral Gallery
5 - Applied Mineralogy
6 -Athena
7 - Crocoite.com Mineral Locations
8 - Franklin Minerals(Dunn)
9 - Franklin Minerals(Palache)
10 - Glendale Community College
11 -Google Images
12 -Google Scholar
13 -Handbook of Mineralogy (UofA)
14 -MinDAT
15 -MinMax(Deutsch)
16 -MinMax(English)
17 -Mineralienatlas (Deutsch)
18 - Minerals of Wisconsin
19 -QUT Mineral Atlas
20 - Scandinavian mineral gallery
21 - University of Manchester - Mineral Structure
22 -University of Minnesota
23 - WWW-MINCRYST
24 -École des Mines de Paris
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Graphite
C
Dana No: 1.3.6.2 Strunz No: I/B.02-10
Locality:
Notes:
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