General Boltwoodite Information
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Chemical Formula: |
HK(UO2)(SiO4)·1.5(H2O) |
Composition: |
Molecular Weight = 429.24 gm |
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Potassium 9.11 % K 10.97 % K2O |
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Uranium 55.45 % U 62.91 % UO2 |
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Silicon 6.54 % Si 14.00 % SiO2 |
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Hydrogen 0.94 % H 8.39 % H2O |
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Oxygen 27.96 % O |
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______ ______ |
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100.00 % 96.27 % = TOTAL OXIDE |
Empirical Formula: |
HK(UO2)(SiO4)·1.5(H2O) |
Environment: |
In the outer silicate zone of alteration surrounding hydrated uranyl oxides incrusting primary uraninite; also filling fractures at some distance from primary uraninite. |
IMA Status: |
Valid Species (Pre-IMA) 1956 |
Locality: |
In the USA, from the Delta mine, Emery Co., Utah; the New Method mine, near Amboy, San Bernardino Co., California. Link to MinDat.org Location Data. |
Name Origin: |
For Bertram Borden Boltwood (1870-1927), radiochemist of Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA, who devised the U-Pb method of measuring geologic time. |
Synonym: |
ICSD 86631 |
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Nenadkevite |
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PDF 35-490 |
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Boltwoodite Image |
Images:
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Boltwoodite
Comments: Sprays of boltwoodite covering matrix.
Location: Rossing, Namibia.
Scale: Size Not Given.
© John Veevaert |
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Images:
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Boltwoodite
Comments: Bright yellow, prismatic crystals of boltwoodite.
Location: R?ssing mine, Swakopmund District, Namibia.
Scale: Picture size 2.5 mm.
© Paul M. Schumacher |
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Images:
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Boltwoodite Crystallography
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Axial Ratios: |
a:b:c =1.9201:1:1.7296 |
Cell Dimensions: |
a = 13.71, b = 7.14, c = 12.35, Z = 6; beta = 102.2° V = 1,181.63 Den(Calc)= 3.62 |
Crystal System: |
Monoclinic - SphenoidalH-M Symbol (2) Space Group: P 21 |
X Ray Diffraction: |
By Intensity(I/Io): 6.81(1), 3.4(0.9), 2.95(0.8), |
Crystal Structure:
Mouse
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drag2 - RMB Resize/Rotate
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Stohl F V , Smith D K , American Mineralogist , 66 (1981) p.610-625, The crystal chemistry of the uranyl silicate minerals
View Additional jPOWD Structure files for Boltwoodite
[1]
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Physical Properties of Boltwoodite
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Cleavage: |
[010] Perfect, [001] Distinct |
Color: |
Yellow, Light yellow. |
Density: |
3.6 |
Hardness: |
3.5-4 - Copper Penny-Fluorite |
Luminescence: |
Fluorescent. |
Luster: |
Vitreous - Pearly |
Streak: |
white |
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Optical Properties of Boltwoodite
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Gladstone-Dale: |
CI meas= -0.346 (Poor) - where the CI = (1-KPDmeas/KC) CI calc= -0.338 (Poor) - where the CI = (1-KPDcalc/KC)
KPDcalc= 0.1901,KPDmeas= 0.1912,KC= 0.1421 |
Optical Data: |
Biaxial (-), a=1.669, b=1.6955, g=1.7005, bire=0.0315 |
Pleochroism (x): |
colorless. |
Pleochroism (y): |
colorless. |
Pleochroism (z): |
colorless. |
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Calculated Properties of Boltwoodite
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Electron Density: |
relectron=3.19 gm/cc note: rBoltwoodite =3.62 gm/cc. |
Fermion Index |
Fermion Index = 0.00719 Boson Index = 0.99281 |
Photoelectric: |
PEBoltwoodite =1,429.97 barns/electron U=PEBoltwoodite x relectron=4,558.55 barns/cc. |
Radioactivity: |
GRapi = 4,162,620.23 (Gamma Ray American Petroleum Institute Units)
Boltwoodite is Radioactive as defined in 49 CFR 173.403. Greater than 70 Bq / gram.
Estimated Maximum U.S. Postal Shipping Size
(10 mRem/hr limit, Unshielded 10 cm box)
7.31 ± 1.83 grams of pure Boltwoodite .
Estimated Maximum U.S. Postal Shipping Size
(10 mRem/hr limit, Unshielded 100 cm box)
730.71 ±182.68 grams of pure Boltwoodite .
Estimated Radioactivity from Boltwoodite - very strong
Specimen Size Weight/Volume (Sphere) * |
Calculated Activity Bequerols (Bq) |
Calculated Activity Curies (Ci) |
Estimated Activity GR(api) |
Estimated Exposure (mRem**)/hr If Held in Hand For One Hour |
| 1000 gm / 8.08 cm |
99,264,650 |
2.68E-03 |
4,162,620.23 |
1,368.53 |
| 100 gm / 3.75 cm |
9,926,465 |
2.68E-04 |
416,262.02 |
136.85 |
| 10 gm / 1.74 cm |
992,647 |
2.68E-05 |
41,626.20 |
13.69 |
| 1 gm / 8.08 mm |
99,265 |
2.68E-06 |
4,162.62 |
1.37 |
| 0.1 gm / 3.75 mm |
9,926 |
2.68E-07 |
416.26 |
0.14 |
| 0.01 gm / 1.74 mm |
993 |
2.68E-08 |
41.63 |
0.01 |
| 0.001 gm / 0.81 mm |
99 |
2.68E-09 |
4.16 |
0.00 |
Weight of pure Boltwoodite in grams (gm) and Calculated Diameter of a Sphere with a Density of 3.62 gm/cc.*
Goverment Estimate of Average Annual Exposure (
360 mRem)
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Note: 10 microsieverts/hr = 1 mRem/hr **
Max Permissable Adult Dose 50,000 mRem/yr (hands), 15,000 mRem/yr (eyes)
Lethal Dose LD(50) Exposure 400,000 to 500,000 mRem
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Boltwoodite Classification
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Dana Class: |
53.3.1.5 (53)Nesosilicate Insular SiO4 Groups and Other Anions of Complex Cations |
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(53.3)with (UO2) |
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(53.3.1)Uranophane group |
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53.3.1.1 Kasolite Pb(UO2)SiO4·(H2O) P 21/a 2/m |
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53.3.1.2 Uranophane Ca(UO2)2SiO3(OH)2·5(H2O) P 21 2 |
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53.3.1.3 Sklodowskite (H3O)2Mg(UO2)2(SiO4)2·4(H2O) C 2/m 2/m |
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53.3.1.4 Cuprosklodowskite Cu[(UO2)(SiO2OH)]2·6(H2O) P1 1 |
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53.3.1.5 Boltwoodite HK(UO2)(SiO4)·1.5(H2O) P 21 2 |
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53.3.1.6 Sodium-boltwoodite (H3O)(Na,K)(UO2)SiO4·(H2O) P 212121 2 2 2 |
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53.3.1.7 Oursinite (Co,Mg)(H3O)2[(UO2)SiO4]2·3(H2O) Aba2,Abam Ortho |
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53.3.1.8 Swamboite UH6(UO2)6(SiO4)6·30(H2O) P 21/a 2/m |
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53.3.1.9 Uranophane-beta Ca[(UO2)SiO3(OH)]2·(H2O) P 21/a 2/m |
Strunz Class: |
VIII/B.34-60 VIII - Silicates |
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VIII/B - Nesosub-silicates. "Insel" silicates with anions unfamiliar to tetraheders. Uranyl-"Insel" silicates with [UO2]2+ - [SiO4]4- |
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VIII/B.34 - Sklodowskite - Uranophane - Kasolite series |
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VIII/B.34-10 Sklodowskite (H3O)2Mg(UO2)2(SiO4)2·4(H2O) C 2/m 2/m |
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VIII/B.34-20 Cuprosklodowskite Cu[(UO2)(SiO2OH)]2·6(H2O) P1 1 |
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VIII/B.34-30 Oursinite (Co,Mg)(H3O)2[(UO2)SiO4]2·3(H2O) Aba2,Abam Ortho |
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VIII/B.34-40 Uranophane Ca(UO2)2SiO3(OH)2·5(H2O) P 21 2 |
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VIII/B.34-50 Uranophane-beta Ca[(UO2)SiO3(OH)]2·(H2O) P 21/a 2/m |
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VIII/B.34-60 Boltwoodite HK(UO2)(SiO4)·1.5(H2O) P 21 2 |
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VIII/B.34-70 Sodium-boltwoodite (H3O)(Na,K)(UO2)SiO4·(H2O) P 212121 2 2 2 |
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VIII/B.34-80 Kasolite Pb(UO2)SiO4·(H2O) P 21/a 2/m |
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Other Boltwoodite Information
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References: |
NAME( AntBidBlaNic2) PHYS. PROP.(Enc. of Minerals,2nd ed.,1990) OPTIC PROP.(Enc. of Minerals,2nd ed.,1990) |
See Also: |
Links to other databases for Boltwoodite :
1 -Am. Min. Crystal Structure Database
2 - Amethyst Galleries' Mineral Gallery
3 -Athena
4 - Crocoite.com Mineral Locations
5 - EUROmin Project
6 -Google Images
7 -Google Scholar
8 -Handbook of Mineralogy (MinSocAm)
9 -Handbook of Mineralogy (UofA)
10 -MinDAT
11 -MinMax(Deutsch)
12 -MinMax(English)
13 -Mineralienatlas (Deutsch)
14 - Philatelic Mineralogy
15 -QUT Mineral Atlas
16 - Scandinavian mineral gallery
17 - Uranium Minerals
18 - WWW-MINCRYST
19 -École des Mines de Paris
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Boltwoodite
HK(UO2)(SiO4)·1.5(H2O)
Dana No: 53.3.1.5 Strunz No: VIII/B.34-60
Locality:
Notes:
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