Ice Mineral Data

Ice Mineral Data +

General Ice Information

Chemical Formula:

H2O

Composition:

Molecular Weight = 18.02 gm

Hydrogen 11.19 % H 100.00 % H₂O

Oxygen 88.81 % O

______ ______

100.00 % 100.00 % = TOTAL OXIDE

Empirical Formula:

·(H₂O)

Environment:

Cold weather as snow crystals, coating ponds, glaciers, and icebergs.

IMA Status:

Valid Species (Pre-IMA) Prehistoric

Locality:

World wide. Link to MinDat.org Location Data.

Name Origin:

From the Middle English "is" or "iis", related to the Dutch "ijs" and German "eis".

Ice Image

Images:

Ice

Comments: White to clear crystals of ice formed on a window at -15 Deg. C.
Location: Minot, North Dakota, USA. Scale: Picture Size 30 cm.
© Dave Barthelmy

Images:

Ice

Comments: Classic snowflake (stellar dendrite ice crystal) formed from vapor-rich air between -10 to -22 deg C. Low Temperature Scanning Electron Microscope (LT-SEM) image with inset light microscope image.
Location: Unknown. Scale: Picture size 0.25 mm.
© Eric Erbe / Beltsville Agricultural Research Center

Images:

Ice

Comments: Rimed ice crystal. Composite column and plate crystal covered with tubercle deposits from contact with liquid water (supercooled fog). Low Temperature Scanning Electron Microscope (LT-SEM) image.
Location: Unknown. Scale: Picture size 1 mm.
© Eric Erbe / Beltsville Agricultural Research Center

Images:

Ice

Comments: Hexagonal ice plate formed from vapor deposition in air at 0 to -3 or -10 to -35 deg. C. Low Temperature Scanning Electron Microscope (LT-SEM) image with inset light microscope image.
Location: Unknown. Scale: Picture size 0.6 mm.
© Eric Erbe / Beltsville Agricultural Research Center

Images:

Ice

Comments: Acicular ice crystals formed from vapor deposition in air at -3 to -10 deg. C. Low Temperature Scanning Electron Microscope (LT-SEM) image with inset light microscope image.
Location: Unknown. Scale: Picture size 2 mm.
© Eric Erbe / Beltsville Agricultural Research Center

Ice Crystallography

Axial Ratios:

a:c = 1:1.62971

Cell Dimensions:

a = 4.51, c = 7.35, Z = 4; V = 129.47 Den(Calc)= 0.92

Crystal System:

Hexagonal - Dihexagonal DipyramidalH-M Symbol (6/m 2/m 2/m) Space Group: P 6₃/mmc

$Help on X Ray Diffraction:$ X Ray Diffraction:

By Intensity(I/I_o): 3.66(1), 3.9(1), 2.25(0.9),

Forms:

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Crystal Structure:

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Kamb B , Science , 150 (1965) p.205-209, Structure of ice VI

Physical Properties of Ice

Cleavage:

None

Color:

Colorless, Pale blue, Greenish blue, White.

Density:

0.9167

Diaphaniety:

Transparent

Fracture:

Brittle - Conchoidal - Very brittle fracture producing small, conchoidal fragments.

Habit:

Crystalline - Coarse - Occurs as well-formed coarse sized crystals.

Habit:

Dendritic - Branching "tree-like" growths of great complexity (e.g. pyrolusite).

Habit:

Massive - Granular - Common texture observed in granite and other igneous rock.

Hardness:

2.5 - Finger Nail

Luminescence:

Non-fluorescent.

Luster:

Vitreous - Dull

Streak:

white

Optical Properties of Ice

Gladstone-Dale:

CI meas= -0.043 (Good) - where the CI = (1-KPDmeas/KC)
CI calc= -0.039 (Good) - where the CI = (1-KPDcalc/KC)
KPDcalc= 0.3533,KPDmeas= 0.3545,KC= 0.34

Optical Data:

Uniaxial (?), a=1.32, b=1.33, bire=0.0100.

Calculated Properties of Ice

Electron Density:

r_electron=1.02 gm/cc
note: r_Ice=0.92 gm/cc.

Fermion Index

Fermion Index = 0.00044
Boson Index = 0.99956

Photoelectric:

PE_Ice= 0.36 barns/electron
U=PE_Ice x r_electron= 0.36 barns/cc.

Radioactivity:

GRapi = 0 (Gamma Ray American Petroleum Institute Units)

Ice is Not Radioactive

Ice Classification

Dana Class:

4.1.2.1 (4)Simple Oxides

(4.1)with a cation charge of 1+ (A+2 O)

(4.1.2)Dana Group

4.1.2.1 Ice H2O P 6₃/mmc 6/m 2/m 2/m

Strunz Class:

IV/A.01-10 IV - Oxides

IV/A - Oxides with metal : oxygen = 1:1 and 2:1 (M2O,MO)

IV/A.01 - Ice

IV/A.01-10 Ice H2O P 6₃/mmc 6/m 2/m 2/m

Other Ice Information

References:

NAME( Dana8) PHYS. PROP.(Enc. of Minerals,2nd ed.,1990) OPTIC PROP.(Enc. of Minerals,2nd ed.,1990)

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Ice

H2O
Dana No: 4.1.2.1 Strunz No: IV/A.01-10
Locality:

Notes: