Hammarite Mineral Data

General Hammarite Information

Chemical Formula:

Pb2Cu2Bi4S9 (?)

Composition:

Molecular Weight = 1,666.01 gm

Copper 7.63 % Cu

Bismuth 50.18 % Bi

Lead 24.87 % Pb

Sulfur 17.32 % S

______

100.00 %

Empirical Formula:

Pb₂Cu₂Bi₄S₉

Environment:

In hydrothermal veins.

IMA Status:

Valid Species (Pre-IMA) 1924

Locality:

Gladhammer, Province of Kalmar, Sweden. Link to MinDat.org Location Data.

Name Origin:

Named after its locality.

Name Pronunciation:

Hammarite + Pronunciation

Synonym:

ICSD 60156

PDF 30-179

Hammarite Image

Images:

Hammarite

Comments: Metallic, white to gray hammarite with native bismuth in fluorite and quartz.
Location: Sadisdorf, Schmiedeberg, Erzgebirge, Saxony, Germany. Scale: Picture size 5 mm.
© Thomas Witzke / Abraxas-Verlag

Hammarite Crystallography

Axial Ratios:

a:b:c =2.8886:1:0.3446

Cell Dimensions:

a = 33.45, b = 11.58, c = 3.991, Z = 4; V = 1,545.92 Den(Calc)= 7.16

Crystal System:

Orthorhombic - DipyramidalH-M Symbol (2/m 2/m 2/m) Space Group: Pbnm

Crystal Structure:

Mouse
drag1 - LMB Manipulate Structure
drag2 - RMB Resize/Rotate
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S - Stereo Pair on/off
H - Help Screen
I - Data Info
A - Atoms On/Off
P - Polyhedra On/Off
B - Bonds On/Off
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Horiuchi H , Wuensch B J , The Canadian Mineralogist , 14 (1976) p.536-539, The ordering scheme for metal atoms in the crystal structure, of hammarite, Cu2Pb2Bi4S9

Physical Properties of Hammarite

Cleavage:

{010} Good

Color:

Reddish steel gray.

Density:

6.73

Diaphaneity:

Opaque

Fracture:

Conchoidal - Fractures developed in brittle materials characterized by smoothly curving surfaces, (e.g. quartz).

Habit:

Acicular - Occurs as needle-like crystals.

Hardness:

3-4 - Calcite-Fluorite

Luster:

Metallic

Streak:

black

Optical Properties of Hammarite

RL Color:

Steel gray with a red tint.

Reflectivity

**Standardized Intensity (100%) Reflection Spectra of Hammarite in Air**
λ	R₁	R₂	∑ R₁(λ)	∑ R₂(λ)
400 nm	40.10	47.00
420 nm	39.90	47.00
440 nm	39.70	47.00
460 nm	39.60	47.10
480 nm	39.60	47.20
500 nm	39.50	47.40
520 nm	39.40	47.50
540 nm	39.30	47.50
560 nm	39.20	47.30
580 nm	39.00	47.00
600 nm	38.80	46.50
620 nm	38.50	46.00
640 nm	38.20	45.50
660 nm	37.90	45.00
680 nm	37.60	44.50
700 nm	37.50	44.00

**Calculated Relative Intensity Colors of Hammarite in Air**
Relative Intensity	0%	30%	60%	90%	100%	120%	150%	180%	210%	230%
R₁
R₂

Calculated Properties of Hammarite

Electron Density:

Bulk Density (Electron Density)=6.00 gm/cc
note: Specific Gravity of Hammarite =7.16 gm/cc.

Fermion Index:

Fermion Index = 0.05
Boson Index = 0.95

Photoelectric:

PE_Hammarite=1,424.23 barns/electron
U=PE_Hammarite x rElectron Density=8,544.79 barns/cc.

Radioactivity:

GRapi = 0 (Gamma Ray American Petroleum Institute Units)
Hammarite is Not Radioactive

Hammarite Classification

Dana Class:

03.04.05.04 (03)Sulfides - Sulfosalts

(03.04)where z/y > 3 - (A+)i (A++)j [By Cz], A=metals, B=semi-metals, C=non-metals

(03.04.05)Aikinite Group (Orthorhombic containing Pb, Cu, Bi, & S)

03.04.05.01 Aikinite PbCuBiS3 Pbnm 2/m 2/m 2/m

03.04.05.02 Krupkaite PbCuBi3S6 P mc2₁ mm2

03.04.05.03 Gladite PbCuBi5S9 P nma 2/m 2/m 2/m

03.04.05.04 Hammarite Pb2Cu2Bi4S9(?) Pbnm 2/m 2/m 2/m

03.04.05.05 Friedrichite Pb5Cu5Bi7S18 Pb21m mm2

03.04.05.06 Pekoite PbCuBi11(S,Se)18 P 2₁am mm2

03.04.05.07 Lindstromite Pb3Cu3Bi7S15 Pbnm 2/m 2/m 2/m

03.04.05.08 Salzburgite! Cu1.6Pb1.6Bi6.4S12 P mc2₁ mm2

Strunz Class:

02.HB.05a 02 - SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulf

02.H - Sulfosalts of SnS Archetype

02.HB -With Cu, Ag, Hg, Fe, Sn and Pb

02.HB.05a Aikinite PbCuBiS3 Pbnm 2/m 2/m 2/m

02.HB.05a Hammarite Pb2Cu2Bi4S9(?) Pbnm 2/m 2/m 2/m

02.HB.05a Gladite PbCuBi5S9 P nma 2/m 2/m 2/m

02.HB.05a Friedrichite Pb5Cu5Bi7S18 Pb21m mm2

02.HB.05a Lindstromite Pb3Cu3Bi7S15 Pbnm 2/m 2/m 2/m

02.HB.05a Krupkaite PbCuBi3S6 P mc2₁ mm2

02.HB.05a Pekoite PbCuBi11(S,Se)18 P 2₁am mm2

02.HB.05a Paarite! Cu1.7Pb1.7Bi6.3S12 Pmcn 2/m 2/m 2/m

02.HB.05a Emilite! Cu2.68Pb2.68Bi5.32S12 P mc2₁ mm2

02.HB.05a Salzburgite! Cu1.6Pb1.6Bi6.4S12 P mc2₁ mm2

Other Hammarite Information

References:

NAME( Ford32) PHYS. PROP.(Enc. of Minerals,2nd ed.,1990) OPTIC PROP.(AntBidBlaNic1)

See Also:

Links to other databases for Hammarite :
1 - Am. Min. Crystal Structure Database
2 - Athena
3 - EUROmin Project
4 - Ecole des Mines de Paris
5 - GeoScienceWorld
6 - Google Images
7 - Google Scholar
8 - Handbook of Mineralogy (MinSocAm)
9 - Handbook of Mineralogy (UofA)
10 - MinDAT
11 - Mineralienatlas (Deutsch)
12 - Online Mineral Museum
13 - QUT Mineral Atlas
14 - Ruff.Info
15 - WWW-MINCRYST

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Print or Cut-and-Paste your Hammarite Specimen Label here :

Hammarite

Pb2Cu2Bi4S9 (?)
Dana No: 03.04.05.04 Strunz No: 02.HB.05a
Locality:

Notes: