Hammarite Mineral Data

Hammarite Mineral Data +

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General Hammarite Information

Chemical Formula:

Pb2Cu2Bi4S9 (?)

Composition:

Molecular Weight = 1,666.01 gm

Copper 7.63 % Cu

Bismuth 50.18 % Bi

Lead 24.87 % Pb

Sulfur 17.32 % S

______

100.00 %

Empirical Formula:

Pb₂Cu₂Bi₄S₉

Environment:

In hydrothermal veins.

IMA Status:

Valid Species (Pre-IMA) 1924

Locality:

Gladhammer, Province of Kalmar, Sweden. Link to MinDat.org Location Data.

Name Origin:

Named after its locality.

Synonym:

ICSD 60156

PDF 30-179

Hammarite Image

Images:

Hammarite

Comments: Metallic, white to gray hammarite with native bismuth in fluorite and quartz.
Location: Sadisdorf, Schmiedeberg, Erzgebirge, Saxony, Germany. Scale: Picture size 5 mm.
© Thomas Witzke / Abraxas-Verlag

Hammarite Crystallography

Axial Ratios:

a:b:c =2.8886:1:0.3446

Cell Dimensions:

a = 33.45, b = 11.58, c = 3.991, Z = 4; V = 1,545.92 Den(Calc)= 7.16

Crystal System:

Orthorhombic - DipyramidalH-M Symbol (2/m 2/m 2/m) Space Group: Pbnm

Crystal Structure:

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Horiuchi H , Wuensch B J , The Canadian Mineralogist , 14 (1976) p.536-539, The ordering scheme for metal atoms in the crystal structure, of hammarite, Cu2Pb2Bi4S9

Physical Properties of Hammarite

Cleavage:

[010] Good

Color:

Reddish steel gray.

Density:

6.73

Diaphaniety:

Opaque

Fracture:

Conchoidal - Fractures developed in brittle materials characterized by smoothly curving surfaces, (e.g. quartz).

Habit:

Acicular - Occurs as needle-like crystals.

Hardness:

3-4 - Calcite-Fluorite

Luster:

Metallic

Streak:

black

Optical Properties of Hammarite

RL Color:

Steel gray with a red tint.

Reflectivity

**Standardized Intensity (100%) Reflection Spectra of Hammarite in Air**
λ	R₁	R₂	∑ R₁(λ)	∑ R₂(λ)
400 nm	40.10	47.00
420 nm	39.90	47.00
440 nm	39.70	47.00
460 nm	39.60	47.10
480 nm	39.60	47.20
500 nm	39.50	47.40
520 nm	39.40	47.50
540 nm	39.30	47.50
560 nm	39.20	47.30
580 nm	39.00	47.00
600 nm	38.80	46.50
620 nm	38.50	46.00
640 nm	38.20	45.50
660 nm	37.90	45.00
680 nm	37.60	44.50
700 nm	37.50	44.00

**Calculated Relative Intensity Colors of Hammarite in Air**
Relative Intensity	0%	30%	60%	90%	100%	120%	150%	180%	210%	230%
R₁
R₂

Calculated Properties of Hammarite

Electron Density:

r_electron=6.00 gm/cc
note: r_Hammarite=7.16 gm/cc.

Fermion Index

Fermion Index = 0.05627
Boson Index = 0.94373

Photoelectric:

PE_Hammarite=1,424.23 barns/electron
U=PE_Hammarite x r_electron=8,544.79 barns/cc.

Radioactivity:

GRapi = 0 (Gamma Ray American Petroleum Institute Units)

Hammarite is Not Radioactive

Hammarite Classification

Dana Class:

3.4.5.4 (3)Sulfides - Sulfosalts

(3.4)where z/y > 3 - (A+)i (A++)j [By Cz], A=metals, B=semi-metals, C=non-metals

(3.4.5)Aikinite Group (Orthorhombic containing Pb, Cu, Bi, & S)

3.4.5.1 Aikinite PbCuBiS3 Pbnm 2/m 2/m 2/m

3.4.5.2 Krupkaite PbCuBi3S6 P mc2₁ mm2

3.4.5.3 Gladite PbCuBi5S9 P nma 2/m 2/m 2/m

3.4.5.4 Hammarite Pb2Cu2Bi4S9(?) Pbnm 2/m 2/m 2/m

3.4.5.5 Friedrichite Pb5Cu5Bi7S18 Pb21m mm2

3.4.5.6 Pekoite PbCuBi11(S,Se)18 P 2₁am mm2

3.4.5.7 Lindstromite Pb3Cu3Bi7S15 Pbnm 2/m 2/m 2/m

3.4.5.8 IMA2000-044! Pb1.6Cu1.6Bi6.4S12 P mc2₁ mm2

Strunz Class:

II/E.30-30 II - Sulfides and sulphosalts

II/E - Sulfosalts (S : As,Sb,Bi = x) Lead-Sulfosalts (Pb-Cu/Ag) with predominant Vismut x = 6.0 - 1.6

II/E.30 - Aikinite - Pekoite series

II/E.30-10 Aikinite PbCuBiS3 Pbnm 2/m 2/m 2/m

II/E.30-15 Soucekite PbCuBi(S,Se)3 Pn21m mm2

II/E.30-20 Friedrichite Pb5Cu5Bi7S18 Pb21m mm2

II/E.30-25 Emilite! Cu10.7Pb10.7Bi21.3S48 P mc2₁ mm2

II/E.30-30 Hammarite Pb2Cu2Bi4S9(?) Pbnm 2/m 2/m 2/m

II/E.30-40 Lindstromite Pb3Cu3Bi7S15 Pbnm 2/m 2/m 2/m

II/E.30-50 Krupkaite PbCuBi3S6 P mc2₁ mm2

II/E.30-54 Paarite! Cu1.7Pb1.7Bi6.3S12 Pmcn 2/m 2/m 2/m

II/E.30-60 Gladite PbCuBi5S9 P nma 2/m 2/m 2/m

II/E.30-70 Pekoite PbCuBi11(S,Se)18 P 2₁am mm2

Other Hammarite Information

References:

NAME( Ford32) PHYS. PROP.(Enc. of Minerals,2nd ed.,1990) OPTIC PROP.(AntBidBlaNic1)

See Also:

Links to other databases for Hammarite :
1 -Am. Min. Crystal Structure Database 2 -Athena 3 - EUROmin Project 4 -Google Images 5 -Google Scholar 6 -Handbook of Mineralogy (UofA) 7 -MinDAT 8 -MinMax(Deutsch) 9 -MinMax(English) 10 -Mineralienatlas (Deutsch) 11 -QUT Mineral Atlas 12 - WWW-MINCRYST 13 -École des Mines de Paris

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Hammarite

Pb2Cu2Bi4S9 (?)
Dana No: 3.4.5.4 Strunz No: II/E.30-30
Locality:

Notes: